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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is based on the idea that certain traits are passed on more frequently than others. These traits make it easier to reproduce and survive for individuals, so their number tends to increase as time passes. Scientists are now able to understand how this process operates. For instance, a study of the clawed frog revealed that duplicate genes can result in different functions. The process of evolution occurs naturally Natural selection is the process that leads to organisms evolving to be the best at adapting to the environment they reside in. It is one of the main mechanisms of evolution, along with mutations, migrations, and genetic drift. People with traits that facilitate survival and reproduction will be more likely to pass on these traits to their children. This causes gradual changes in gene frequency over time. This can lead to the development of new species as well as the transformation of existing ones. In the early 19th century, Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that explained how biological organisms changed over time. The theory is based on the concept that more offspring are created than can be sustained and that the offspring compete with each other for resources in their physical environment. This leads to an “struggle for survival” in which those with the most advantageous traits prevail while others are eliminated. The remaining offspring transmit the genes that confer these beneficial traits to their children, which in turn give them an advantage over other members of the same species. As time passes, the number of organisms that have these beneficial traits grows. It is, however, difficult to comprehend the mechanism by which natural selection can produce new traits if its primary function is to eliminate unfit individuals. Additionally, the majority of types of natural selection reduce genetic variation within populations. Natural selection is unlikely to create new traits without the involvement of other forces. Mutation, drift genetics and migration are three main evolutionary forces which change the frequency of genes. Sexual reproduction and the fact that each parent transmits half their genes to their children speeds up these processes. These genes, also known as alleles, can be found at various frequency between individuals belonging to the same species. The allele frequencies that result determine whether the trait will be dominant or recessive. In simplest terms it is an alteration in the structure of an organism's DNA code. This change causes some cells to grow and develop into a distinct entity, while others do not. Mutations can also increase the frequency of the existing alleles or create new alleles. The new alleles will be passed on to the next generations, and then become the dominant phenotype. Evolution is built on natural selection Natural selection is a straightforward mechanism that alters the population of living organisms over time. It involves the interaction between heritable phenotypic differences and differential reproduction. read review lead to a situation where individuals with positive characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with no beneficial traits. This process, over time, leads to a reshaping the gene pool so that it is more closely aligned to the environment in which people live. Darwin's “survival-of-the best” is built on this idea. This process is based upon the idea that people can adapt to their surroundings by displaying different traits. Individuals with adaptive traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, which means they are more likely to produce many offspring. In the long term this will cause the trait to spread throughout a population according to BioMed Central. The trait will eventually be present in all members of a population, and the population's composition will change. This is known as evolution. People with less adaptive traits are likely to die or fail to create offspring and their genes won't make it to future generations. In time genetically modified organisms are more likely to dominate the population. They will also develop into new species. It is not a sure thing. The environment could change abruptly, causing the adaptations to be obsolete. Sexual selection is another factor that can affect evolution. Certain traits are preferred because they increase the odds of an individual mating with an individual. This can result in odd phenotypes like brightly colored plumage in birds or the oversized antlers of deer. These phenotypes aren't beneficial to the organism, however they may increase their chances of survival and reproduction. Some students also misunderstand natural evolution due to confusion it with “soft inheritance”. Soft inheritance isn't necessary for evolution but it is usually a key component. This is because it allows for the random modification of DNA as well as the creation of genetic variants that aren't immediately useful to the organism. These mutations are then used as raw material by natural selection. Genetics and evolution are the foundations of our existence. Evolution is a natural process that causes changes in the traits inherited of species over time. It is influenced by several factors, including mutation in gene flow, gene flow and horizontal gene transfers. The frequency of alleles within a group can influence the evolution. This allows for the selection of an advantage in a new environment. The theory of evolutionary change is a fundamental concept in biology and has profound implications for our understanding of life. Darwin's ideas, along with Linnaeus notions of relation and Lamarck theories of inheritance changed the way that traits are passed from parent to child. Darwin suggested that parents passed on traits that they inherited by their choice or inability to use them, but they were also favored or disadvantageous by the environment they lived in, and passed the information to their offspring. Darwin referred to this as natural selection and his book, The Origin of Species described how this might lead to the development of new species. Random genetic changes, or mutations occur in the DNA of cells. These mutations can trigger various phenotypic characteristics, from hair color to eye color, and are affected by a variety of environmental factors. Certain phenotypic traits are controlled by more than one gene and others have multiple alleles. For instance blood type (A B or O) has three alleles. Modern Synthesis is a framework that integrates Darwinian ideas of evolution with Mendel's genetics. It combines macroevolutionary changes discovered in fossil records with microevolutionary processes such as genetic mutation and trait-selection. Macroevolution takes a long time to complete and is only visible in fossil records. Microevolution however is a process which is much more rapid and is visible in living organisms. Microevolution is driven by genetic mutation and selection, which occur on a lesser scale than macroevolution. However, it can be accelerated by other mechanisms, like gene flow and horizontal gene transfer. The basis of evolution is chance The idea that evolution occurs by chance is an argument that has been used for a long time by anti-evolutionists. But this argument is flawed and it is important to understand the reason. The argument confuses randomness with contingency. This is a mistake that originates from a misreading the nature of biological contingency as described by Stephen Jay Gould. He believed that genetic information does not develop randomly, but is influenced by past events. He based this on the fact that genes are copies of DNA, and they themselves depend on other molecules. In other terms there is a causality behind all biological processes. The argument is flawed further because it relies on the laws and practices of science. These assertions aren't just not logically logical, but they are also erroneous. The science of practice supposes that causal determinism not strict enough to be able to predict all natural phenomena. Brendan Sweetman's book is an attempt to give a balanced and readable introduction to the relationship of evolutionary theory to Christian theism. He is a patient rather than a flashy writer which is in line with his goals, which include separating the scientific value of evolutionary theory from its religious implications, and developing the ability to think critically about a controversial topic. The book might not be as comprehensive as it should be however, it provides an excellent overview of the debate. It also demonstrates that evolutionary theories are well-substantiated and widely accepted. They are worthy of rational approval. However the book is not more than persuasive on the question of whether God has any influence on evolution. While Pokemon that are traded with other trainers are not able to be developed for free, trading is an effective way to save Candy and time. The cost of developing certain Pokemon through the traditional method, such as Feebas is cut down by trading them with other players. This is particularly beneficial for high-level Pokemon that require lots of Candy to develop.